北京市社区老年人血红蛋白水平与健康状况的相关性研究

Association between hemoglobin level and health status in elderly people living in communities in Beijing

目的探讨北京市社区老年人血红蛋白水平与健康状况的相关性。方法采取随机整群抽样方法选取北京城区社区居住的老年人，通过问卷、现场测试和血样本采集进行横断面调查研究。贫血的判定标准采用WHO标准，问卷调查健康评价指标包括视力减退、生理失能、健康状况下降、生活自理、疲劳、厌食、独立行走距离、运动频率、近期感冒发生频次、跌倒、智力状况及计算能力等。结果共获得资料完整者1948例，其中男性790例、女性1158例，年龄65～100岁，平均（73．9±6．1）岁，中位年龄74岁。1948例老年人平均血红蛋白水平为（135．65±14．48）g／L，其中男性平均血红蛋白水平为（142．56±15．56）g／L，女性平均血红蛋白水平为（130．95±11．53）g／L，女性血红蛋白水平显著低于男性（t=54．739，P〈0．01）；血红蛋白水平随增龄而降低（F=13．434，P〈0．01）；Spearman相关分析结果显示，老年人的血红蛋白水平与厌食、疲劳、辅助行走、视力减退和生理失能呈负相关（r=-0．055、-0．067、-0．071、-0．114、-0．095，P=0．022、0．005、0．004、0．000、0．000），与目前健康状况、生活能力、运动能力、运动频率和智力状况呈正相关（r=0．073、0．126、0．122、0．066、0．124、P=0．002、0．000、0．000、0．006、0．000）。结论老年人血红蛋白水平随增龄而降低，血红蛋白水平与老年人健康状况和生活质量存在相关性，应加强对老年人血红蛋白水平的重视。

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin level and health status of the elderly living in communities in Beijing. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select residents living in communities of Beijing city,and a cross-sectional study was carried out by questionnaires,scene testing and blood sample collection. WHO-formulated criteria were applied for diagnosing anemia. The health indicators in questionnaires included visual impairment, physical disability, decreased health, self-care, fatigue, anorexia, independent walking distance, exercise frequency,intelligence status and computing power. Results Complete information was obtained in a total of 1 948 elderly people,including 790 cases of male and 1 158 cases of female,with an average age of（73.9±6.1）years and a median age of 74 years（65-100）. The mean level of hemoglobin in the 1 948 people was（ 135.65 ± 14.48） g/L, with （142.56 ± 15.56） g/L in male and （ 130.95 ± 11.53） g/L in female. Hemoglobin level was significantly lower in female than in men （t = 54. 739, P 〈0.01 ）. Hemoglobin level was decreased with aging, and negatively associated with appetite, physical strength, walk assistance,visual acuity and physical ability（r=-0. 055,-0. 067,-0. 071,-0. 114,-0. 095;P =0. 022,0. 005,0. 004,0. 000,0. 000）, while positively associated with health status, activities in daily life,athletic ability, exercise frequency and intelligence（r= 0. 073,0. 126,0. 122,0. 066,0. 124; P = 0. 002,0. 000,0. 000,0. 006,0. 000 ）. Conclusions The hemoglobin level of the elderly decreases with aging and is associated with health status and quality of life in the elderly,which should be taken care seriously.