4Biggs J.Student Approaches to Learning and Studying[R].Hawthorn,Vic.:Australian Council for Educational Research,1987.
5Marton F,S(a)lj(o) R.Approaches to Learning[M] // Marton F et al.(eds).The Experience of Learning.Edinburgh:Scottish Academic Press,1984.
6Ramsden P,Entwistle N J.Effects of Academic Departments on Students' Approaches to Studying[J].Br.J.Educ.Psychol.,1981,51:368-383.
7Dart B C.Adult Learners' Metacognitive Behaviour in Higher Education[M] // Sutherland P (ed.).Adult Learning:A Reader.London:Kogan Page,1997:30-43.
8Marton F,S(a)lj(o) R.On Qualitative Differences in Learning:I-Outcome and Process[J].Br.J.Educ.Psychol.,1976,46:4-11.
9Wilson K L,Lizzio A,Ramsden P.The Development,Validation and Application of the Course Experience Questionnaire[J].Studies in Higher Education,1997,22:33-53.
10Trigwell K,Prosser M.Improving the Quality of Student Learning:The Influence of Learning Context and Student Approaches to Learning on Learning Outcomes[J].Higher Education,1991,22(3):251-266.
