尾矿溃坝砂流流动特性及规律模型试验研究

Model experiment research on flow characteristcs and regularity of tailing flow due to tailings dam-break

为提高尾矿库区下游的防灾减灾能力,以北京首云铁矿和尚峪尾矿库为例,开展物理模型试验研究,探究砂流体积分数、溃口形态及下游坡度对溃坝砂流流动特性及规律的影响。试验结果表明,随着溃坝砂流体积分数的增大,砂流到达堆积深度峰值时间越长,峰值就越大;随着溃坝口门的增大,砂流到达堆积深度峰值时间越短,峰值越大,溃口就越大,砂流在下游演进运动的范围就越广,砂流覆盖面积也越大;随着库区下游坡度的增大,砂流到达堆积深度峰值时间越短,峰值越小,下游坡度对砂流演进运动过程及覆盖面积影响也较小。

In order to improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in tailings reservoir downstraeam, taking Beijing Heshangyu tailing reservoir as an example, physical model experiments were carried out to explore effects of dam-break flow＇s volume fractions, collapse forms and downstream slopes on flow charateristics and regularity of tailing dam-break flow . The experimental results show that with in- creasing of tailing flow volume fraction, the time that tailing dam-break flow reaches accumulation depth peak is longer and accumulation depth peak is greater. With increasing of collapse gate, the time that tailing dam-break flow reaches accumulation depth peak is shorter and accumulation depth peak is greater. The larger collapse gate of tailing dam-break is, the more widely tailing flow moves in the downstream and the greater coverage area of tailing flow is.With increasing of downstream slope, the time that tailing dambreak flow reaches accumulation depth peak is shorter and accumulation depth peak is smaller.Downstream slope has only a fairly weak effect on the movement process and coverage area of tailing dambreak flow.