酸枣新品种‘蓝猫1号’和‘蓝猫2号’的选育

Breeding of new wild jujube cultivars ‘Lanmao No.1' and ‘Lanmao No.2'

‘蓝猫1号’和‘蓝猫2号’酸枣是从野生酸枣资源中选育出的良种。2个品种的果实均为鲜红色,长圆形,大型果,‘蓝猫1号’单果质量4.86 g、可食率89%,‘蓝猫2号’单果质量4.78 g、可食率89%。‘蓝猫1号’鲜果可溶性固形物、总酸含量分别为25.10%和2.19%,‘蓝猫2号’的分别为27.05%和2.12%。‘蓝猫1号’在石家庄地区4月上中旬萌芽,6月中旬盛花期,9月中旬白熟期,果实成熟期9月下旬,11月上旬落叶;‘蓝猫2号’在石家庄地区4月上中旬萌芽,6月初盛花期,果实成熟期9月中旬,11月初落叶。‘蓝猫1号’和‘蓝猫2号’抗病性均较强,白熟期遇连续阴雨天气时‘蓝猫1号’裂果率要高于‘蓝猫2号’。适合河北省酸枣适生区栽培。

＇Lanmao No. 1＇ and ＇Lanmao No.2＇, two new cuhivars with excellent characteristics （such as big fruit size, beautiful color, and good taste quality） were selected from wild Jujube resources. Maternal trees of ＇Lanmao No. 1＇ and ＇Lanmao No.2＇ were initially selected in 2005 for the strong resistance and excellent characters of fresh food. By the method of grafting, they were planted in experimental orchard in 2007. Through the observation about growing and fruiting, they were selected as superior lines. After regional adaptability testing at three sites （including Hebei Academy of Forestry Science, Tangshan Lanmao Drink Company and Qipanshan Fruit Farm, Lulong） over five years from 2010 to 2014, they were finally selected in 2015. Tree of ＇Lanmao No. 1＇ is vigorous with ramose crown and open tree gesture after bearing. Tree of ＇Lanmao No.2＇ is vigorous with conical crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves of them are green, long oval, and acuminate. Flower is yellow-green and the amount is large. 2-8 flowers group as a cyme. Fruit of ＇Lan- mao No. 1＇ is long elliptic, red color and big size. and the size is little smaller than ＇ Lanmao No. 1＇. Fruit of ＇Lanmao No.2＇ is long elliptic, bright red color Single fruit weight and edible rate of these two cuhivars are 4.86 g, 89%, 4.78 g and 89%, respectively. Soluble solid content and total acid content of ＇Lanmao No.l＇ are 25.10% and 2.19%, respectively. The corresponding data of ＇Lanmao No.2＇ are 27.05% and 2.12%, respectively. Flesh of these two cuhivars taste crisp, delicate, juicy, sweet and sour. ＇Lanmao No.2＇ is sweeter than ＇Lanmao No.1 ＇. The germination stage, full-bloom stage, white-ripe period, mature period and defoliation period of ＇Lanmao No.l＇ are the first and second ten days of April, middle June, middle September, late September and the first ten days of November, respectively. The corresponding periods of ＇ Lanmao No.2＇ are the first and second ten days of April, early June, the first ten days of September, middle September and the beginning of November, respectively. Both of them have strong disease resistance. If fruits in white-ripe period meet continuous rainy weather, fruits will suffer from cracking. The resistance to cracking of ＇Lanmao No.2＇ is better than ＇Lanmao No. 1 ＇. suitable area in Hebei province for wild Jujube is suitable for these two new cultivars. Planting ill poor sit condition, the first work is to improve sit cnndition. There are two ways can be used for orchard, the one is planting grafted seedlings directly, and the other one is planting seedling firstly, and then grafting. After first irrigation, plastic film should be covered in arid mountain area in order to reduce soil water evaporation. In north China, the weather from May to June is arid and rainless, so new plantings should be watered 1-2 times. The shape of＇ open center with multiple main branches is applied for wild Jujube production. The heights of trunk and tree body of such shape are 30 cm and 2.5-3.0 m. The technique of reshaping and pruning is about erasing redundant buds, pinching, branch drawing, thinning dense branches, cutting back and adjusting density of branches. For orchards which have no irrigation but poor soil condition, some drought-resisting measures and fertilizers should he used for improving cultivation condition. Fast released fertilizer is applied for wild jujube orchard as mainly fertilizers. In April, 0.1-0.2 kg rapidly available nitrogen should be applied for each grafted tree before germination. In autumn, top dressing can combine with tillage and covering. The fertilizer amount of rapidly available ni- trogen and phosphorus is 0.1-0.2 kg per tree which depends on tree size.