维持性血液透析患者症状发生程度及其影响因素

Symptom occurrence degree and its influence factors among maintenance hemodialysis patient

目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者症状发生程度及其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法选取2015年7月至2015年9月在武警宁夏总队医院行维持性血液透析且满足纳入标准的患者142例,应用自行设计的一般情况调查表、血液透析患者症状评估量表、APGAR家庭功能评估量表及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行问卷调查。结果:维持性血液透析患者各症状发生率为53.5%~92.3%,其中疲乏的发生率(92.3%)最高,其次是瘙痒(86.6%)、皮肤干燥(85.9%),严重程度得分最高的症状依次为疲乏(30.3%)、入睡困难(27.5%)、性欲低下(27.5%)、易惊醒(27.5%)。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、民族、睡眠质量、合并高血压、合并心律失常情况对患者症状发生程度的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析患者症状发生率较高,且其症状发生率及严重程度受性别、民族、合并高血压、合并心率失常及睡眠质量的影响,提示临床医护人员应结合患者自身特点有针对性地进行评估和干预,有效缓解患者的不适症状,进而提高其生存质量。

Objective To survey symptom occurrence degree of maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients, and its related factors, and to provide a basis for clinical symptom management. Methods A total of 142 MHD patients were selected with convenience sampling method from a hospital in Ningxia from July 2015 to September 2015 and investigated with the Dialysis Symptom Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve （APGAR） Scale. Results The occurrence rate of various symptoms ranged from 53.5% to 92.3%. Fatigue （92.3%）, itching （ 86.6% ） and dry skin （ 85.9% ） were the top three prevalent symptoms. Fatigue （30.3%） , difficulty falling asleep （27.5%）, hyposexuality （27.5%） and trouble in sleeping deeply （ 27.5% ） were the most serious symptoms.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender, nationality, sleep quality, combining with hypertension and arrhythmia had significant influence on the occurrence degree of symptom in MHD patients （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Symptoms in MHD patients are prevalent. Efficient symptom management should be performed to improve the quality of life of MHDpatients .