国外大学图书馆合理使用政策的初探性研究

A Preliminary Study on the Fair Use Policy in Foreign University Library

图书馆在开展公共领域的服务时,在很多场景下都不可避免地会面临"如何判定资源是否属于合理使用范围""如何合理合法地行使合理使用权利"等问题,为此需要建立具有实践指导意义的合理使用政策及配套措施。我国在初期建立政策指南的过程中,可以尝试借鉴国外已有成果。因此,本文以滚雪球式的调研方法筛选美国高校图书馆的合理使用政策,选取有代表性的政策文本进行系统性的分析,梳理政策流程及机制,归总政策措施及工具,以期推进我国图书馆相关政策的制定和探索性实验的开展。最后,本文归纳了图书馆界定、采用和运行合理使用制度的一系列政策要素,即政策主体及对象、政策最佳实践以及情境因素分析;判定流程、原则要素,以及判定文本规范;合理使用的执行原则、资源陈列及存储规范、配套服务形式及工具。

Library is inevitably faring the issues of how to determine whether the resource belongs to the scope of fair use and how to perform the fight of fair use reasonably and legally when developing the services of public domain, and therefore there is a need to establish fair use policy of great practical importance and supporting measures. In the process of establishing policy guidance early in China, learning from the foreign relevant achieve- ments can be tried. Thus, this paper screens fair use policies in American university library by the snowballing research method, systematically analyzes the representative policy texts, reviews the policy process and mechanism, summarizes the policy measures and tools to promote the development of the relative policy and exploratory research in Chinese library. Finally, it summarizes a series of elements of definition, adoption and operation of fair use system in library, namely policy subject and object, best practice and situational factors analysis; judgment process, principle elements and text norm; execution prindples, resources display, storage spedfication, supporting services forms and tools of fair use.