南京市城区老年人的体型特征

Somatotype of elderly people in urban area of Nanjing City

目的了解南京市城区不同年龄段老年体型特征,为制定科学评价老年人体质水平的监测标准提供依据。方法运用希斯-卡特体型测量法对南京市城区50岁以上老年人的各项身体指标进行测量,并进行统计分析。结果南京市城区50~55岁男性老年人平均体型三因子均值为4.9、5.0、3.4,70岁以上年龄组体型三因子均值为4.3、4.5、4.9,总体体型三因子均值为5.7、5.0、2.9;女性老年人总体体型三因子均值为6.2、5.2、1.6,同各年龄段一样属于均衡的内胚层体型;50~55岁男女老年人体型没有显著性差异(t=1.23,P>0.05),56岁后男女老年人体型差异性显著,70岁后差异最大(t=5.42,P<0.01),总体比较,南京城区男女老年人体型差异有统计学意义(t=3.16,P<0.01)结论南京市城区50~55岁男性老年人属偏内胚层的中胚层体型,56~69岁男性老年人为偏中胚层的内胚层体型,70岁后南京男性老年人为外胚层体型,总体为偏中胚层的内胚层体型,南京城区老年女性为均衡内胚层体型。

[Objective] To learn the body characteristics of elderly people in different age groups in urban area of Nanjing City, provide the basis for the establishment of scientific monitoring standards to evaluate physical fitness level of the elderly people. [Methodsl Heath-Carter somatotyping method was used to measure the physical indicators of elderly people over 50 years old in urban area of Nanjing City, and the data were statistically analyzed. [Results] The average somatotype value of male people aged 50-55 years old was respectively 4.9,5.0 and 3.4, that of male people over 70 years old was respectively 4.3,4.5 and 4.9, and the average somatotype value of male people was respectively 5.7,5.0 and 2.9. The average somatotype value of female people was respectively 6.2,5.2 and 1.6, and the female people in different age groups all belonged to the balanced endodermal type. There was no statistically significant difference in somatotype between males and females in 50-55 year-old age group （t=1.23 ,P〉0.05 ）. The difference in somatotype was statistically significant between males and females over 56 years old, and the most difference was found in people above 70 years old （t=5.42,P〈0.01）. In general comparison,there was statistically significant difference in somatotype between males and females in urban area of Nanjing City （t=3.16,P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] In urban area of Nanjing City,the male people aged 50-55 years old belong to mesomorphy （tend to endomorphy）,those aged 56-69 years old belong to endomorphy （tend to mesomorphy）, while those over 70 years old belong to ectomorph, and the elderly male people overall belong to endomorphy （tend to mesomorphy ）. The elderly female people all belong to the balanced endomorphy.