1950—2016年肇庆市广宁县消除疟疾进程与防控效果评价

Malaria elimination progress and control effect evaluation in Guangning County of Zhaoqing City from 1950-2016

目的分析肇庆市广宁县1950—2016年消除疟疾进程和防控措施,评价各阶段控制效果,为消除疟疾后继续巩固成果提供科学依据。方法收集广宁县1950—2016年疟疾流行情况、监测数据、控制措施及防治效果资料,分析评价不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防治措施实施效果。结果广宁县1950—2016年共报告疟疾病例50306例,年均发病率为182.92/10万;死亡13例,病死率为25.84/10万;大流行发生在1953—1957年,发病率最高的是1953年的2 438.85/10万,其次为1955年的2 123.39/10万。主要传播媒介为微小按蚊,流行以间日疟为主。防制过程分为初级防控、大规模执行综合性抗疟措施控制流行、基本灭疟、监测巩固达到消除疟疾4个阶段,每个阶段均采用相应的综合防治措施,疟疾年发病率由1953年的2 438.85/10万降至1975年的10/10万以下,1976年后年发病率范围控制在0~9.44/10万,且已连续14年无本地感染病例报告,10年无病例报告。表明在不同阶段采取的防治措施有效可行。结论广宁县疟疾防治达到国家消除标准,但不能松懈,仍要继续落实长效防控机制,加强流动人口的疟疾监测与管理,及时发现输入病原及时控制,巩固消除疟疾成果。

[ Objective ] To analyze the malaria elimination progress and control measures in Guangning County of Zhaoqing City from 1950-2016,provide scientific evidences for consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination. [Methods] The data of epidemic situation, monitoring, control measures and control effects of malaria in Guangning County from 1950 to 2016 were collected, to analyze and evaluate the malaria epidemic characteristics and control measures in different stages. [ Results ] Totally 50 306 cases of malaria were reported in Guangning County from 1950 to 2016,the e annual average morbidity was 182.92/lakh, and there were 13 death cases with the mortality rate of 25.84/lakh. The pandemic of malaria occurred in 1953-1957,the highest annual average morbidity was 2438.85/lakh in 1953,followed by 1955 （2 123.39/lakh）. The main malaria vector was Anopheles minimus,and the most cases were vivax malaria. The control process was classified to four stages,including the primary control, large scale implementation of comprehensive anti-malarial measures to control the epidemic, basic malaria eradication, monitoring and consolidation. Relevant measures were applied in different stages, the annual average morbidity decreased from 2 438.85/lakh in 1953 to 10/lakh in 1975,and maintaining a very lower level （0-9.44/lakh） after 1976. Furthermore,no local infection cases were found in the last 14 years,and no more new cases were recorded in the last decade. These results indicated the effects of control measures in different stages were effective and feasible. [Conclusion] The malaria elimination in Guangning County has met the national standard. However,in order to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination,it is necessary to continue to implement long-term prevention and control measures, enhance the malaria monitoring and management among the floating popu- lation, and duly find and treat the imported cases.