天津市津南区疫苗免疫程序调整对水痘发病的影响

Influence of vaccine immunization schedule adjustment on the incidence of varicella in Jinnan District of Tianjin

目的了解天津市津南区水痘的流行特征,观察2剂接种程序的实施对水痘发病的影响。方法对津南区2010—2015年水痘发病监测及疫苗使用资料进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)2010—2015年津南区水痘发病总数为2 909例,高峰段为每年的4至5月和11月至来年的1月份;发病以15岁以下儿童为主,占发病总数的68.65%;职业以学生为主,占总发病人数的48.54%;(2)2015年水痘疫苗第1剂次和第2剂次累计接种率最高均为6~<7岁组和5~<6岁组,分别为86.43%和46.46%;第2剂次水痘疫苗接种主要集中在4~7岁。(3)以5岁组为组距,0~<5,5~<10岁年龄组2015年水痘发病率低于2013年。(4)以1岁组为组距,3~<4,4~<5,5~<6岁年龄组2015年水痘发病率低于2013年。(5)2015年485例水痘病例能精确查到免疫史的186病例中,有109(58.6%)例接种过1剂次水痘疫苗,平均发病时间为接种疫苗后(5.66±2.41)a。结论采用2剂接种程序后,津南区水痘流行病学特征变化不大,但免疫效果优于1剂接种程序。

[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Jinnan District of Tianjin, and observe the influence of the implement of two-dose-immunization schedule on the incidence of varicella.. [Methods] The data of varicella incidence monitoring and vaccine usage in Jinnan District of Tianjin from 2010-2015 were analyzed retrospectively [Results]①There were 2 909 cases of varieella in Jinnan district from 2010-2015. The incidence peaks were observed from April to May and November to January. About 68.65% of the cases mainly occurred in children under 15 years old, and 48.54% were students. ②The highest cumulative vaccination rates of first dose and second dose schedule were all in 6-〈7 and 5-〈10 years old age group in 2015, which accounted for 86.43% and 46.46%, respectively. Second dose of varicella vaccine mainly concentrated in 4-7 years old.③Five-years-old group was as class interval, the incidences of varicella in 0-〈5 and 5-〈10 years old age group in 2015 was lower than that in 2013.④One-year-old group was as class interval, the incidences of varicella in 3-〈4,4-〈5 and 5-〈6 years old age group in 2015 was lower than that in 2013.⑤The 186 cases of 485 could be found immunization history accurately in 2015, 109 （58.6%）cases had vaccinated one dose varieella vaccine. They occurred varicella after vaccinating vaccine （5.66＋2.41） a. [Conclusion] After taking two-dose-immunization schedule, the epidemiologic characteristic of varicella in Jinnan district don＇t change much,but the immune effect is superior to one-dose-immunization schedule.