2010—2012年中国居民营养素摄入状况

Survey on dietary nutrients intake of Chinese residents between 2010 and 2012

目的 调查2010—2012年中国居民膳食营养素摄入状况.方法 资料来自2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测.采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法进行抽样,研究对象为中国内地31个省份150个监测点居民,共62857名,其中大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为14017、16539、19910、12391名.采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾和调味品称重法进行膳食调查,依据中国食物成分表计算、分析城乡居民每标准人日能量、宏量营养素、膳食纤维、维生素及矿物质摄入量.结果 中国内地居民平均能量摄入量为9047.1 kJ,贫困农村最高（9719.3 kJ）,中小城市最低（8490.4 kJ）;平均蛋白质摄入量为64.2 g,大城市最高（73.9 g）,贫困农村最低（60.7 g）;平均脂肪摄入量为79.7 g,大城市最高（89.4 g）,贫困农村最低（70.6 g）.维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、铁等微量营养素平均摄入量分别为441.9μg、0.8 mg、80.1 mg、364.3 mg、21.4 mg,均低于中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量.维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C、钙平均摄入量低于平均需量的人群比例达到77.0%、90.2%、67.7%、96.6%.结论 中国内地居民3种宏量营养素供给充足,但膳食脂肪摄入过多,维生素、钙、铁、锌等微量营养素缺乏现象普遍存在.大城市、中小城市、普通农村及贫困农村居民营养素摄入存在差异.

Objective To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010- 2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas. Methods Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China＆#39;s county-level divisions were classified into four types： big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62857 valid subjects, including 14017, 16539, 19910 and 12391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition. Results The average energy intake per resident in China's Mainland was 9047.1 kJ, with highest （9719.3 kJ） in poor rural area and lowest （8490.4 kJ） in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest （73.9 g） in big city and lowest （60.7 g） in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest （89.4 g）in big city and lowest （70.6 g） in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 μg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%. Conclusion The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in China's Mainland. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.