传统文化在民国教育体制下的整合与提升——以茅盾早期作文与教师批语为例

The Integration of Traditional Culture in the Republic of China Under the System of Education and Ascendancy——An Example of Mao Dun's Early Composition and Teacher's Comment on Writing

清末民初的新式教育中的国文课程,尤其是作文写作教学,在继承私塾教育注重涵养学生的家国情怀的基础上,又辅以西方的现代教育的科学精神,由此使得深受传统文化影响的学生逐渐完成了向现代文化的位移,为他们创作新文学奠定了坚实的基础。新式教育下的国文课程,不仅从根本上改写了私塾教育那种注重"死记硬背"的教学方式,而且更为深远的变革还在于:它从根本上改变了作文写作的模式,即从以科举考试的"八股文"写作逐渐转向以抒发自我真实情感和思想的写作。茅盾中学时期的作文批语,承载着教师们对茅盾思想的启迪和教育,深刻地影响到他的精神世界的建构,为其走向文学创作的道路奠定了坚实的基础。

The modern education of the Chinese course in the late Qing and early Republic, especially the composition writing teaching, in the inheritance school education that pays attention to the cultivation of students＇ home, on the basis of feelings, and assisted by western modern education and scientific spirit, which makes the students influenced by the traditional culture, gradually completed the displacement to the modern culture, and new literature laid a solid foundation for their creation. Under the modern education of Chinese course ,not only （fundamentally changed ） the school education, that pay attention to the teaching method of ＂rote learning＂, and more profound changes is the thesis writing mode, namely from the imperial examination ＂eight-part essays＂ writing gradually shifted to the writing of their true feelings and ideas. Mao Dun secondary school essay writing, bearing the teachers thought enlightenment and education of Mao dun, profoundly affected the construction of his spiritual world, to the literary creation road for its solid foundation.