我国能源耗水空间特征及其协调发展脱钩分析

Spatial Analysis and Coordinated Development Decoupling Analysis of Energy-consumption Water in China

水与能源之间有着复杂而密切的联系,两者之间的相互关系已成为国际社会关注的热点问题。论文通过能源耗水这一概念,试图探究能源生产与用水之间的内在关联,通过空间自相关分析和脱钩分析寻求其发展变化规律,以期为实现水与能源的可持续发展提供借鉴。结果表明:我国几类主要能源的耗水空间分布差异较大,且与能源自身的空间分布特征有相似之处。火电、水电和原煤耗水强度具有明显的空间集聚特征,H-H集聚区范围逐渐扩大,集聚程度不断增强,而原油和天然气耗水强度呈随机分布特征,无空间自相关性。全国范围内,各类能源耗水与总用水量和GDP之间的协调关系均呈不断恶化的趋势,能源耗水的增长速度在逐步超越经济发展和总用水量变化的速度,节水将是未来产能耗水研究领域中的重要方向。

The relationship between water and energy is complex and close, and their correlation has become a hot issue concerned by international society. In this paper, we try to explore the inherent correlation between energy production and water utilization with spatial autocorrelation analysis and decoupling analysis of energy-consumption water in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development between water and energy. The results show that the water consumption of major energy had different spatial distributions, and the distribution of water consumption had the similar characteristics as that of the energy itself. Regional energy production had strong dependence on local resources. Water consumption of thermal power, hydropower and coal had significant characteristics of spatial clustering. The range of H-H concentrated areas was gradually expanding, and concentration degree was also growing. This indicated that water use efficiency in the production of these three kinds of energies was generally low, and the spatial diffusion trend of this effect exacerbated the tension of water utilization. Water consumption of crude oil and natural gas was in random pattern and had no spatial autocorrelation. Decoupling analysis between energy-consumption water ＆ total water consumption and energy-consumption water ＆ GDP showed that the coordination relationship between energy-consumption water and total water consumption was better than the coordination relationship between energy-consumption water and GDP, but they all showed a deteriorating trend nationally. The growth rate of energy-consumption water was gradually surpassing the rate of economic development and the change rate of total water utilization. It played a warning role water consumption of energy. In the future, inhibiting the growth of water consumption by technical innovation would become an important direction in water consumption of energy production.