IKAP理论在血液透析患者健康教育中的应用

Application of IKAP theory to the health education of hemodialysis patients

目的 探讨血液透析患者有效的IKAP教育模式,延迟疾病的进展,减少并发症,提高患者的生活质量.方法 选取2012年12月~2015年5月一附院维持性血液透析半年以上患者102例,随机分为干预组和对照组各51例.干预组采用IKAP教育模式,即信息（information）-知识（knowledge）-信念（attitude）-行为（practice）模式,对照组采用传统健康教育方式.结果 实验组患者在信息、知识、态度、行为方面的改变显著高于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.患者疲劳、睡眠、骨关节疼痛程度低于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 对血液透析患者运用IKAP健康教育模式,能有效地减少并发症,延缓血液透析患者的病情进展,提高患者的生活质量.

Objective To explore the effective IKAP education mode for hemodialysis patients,delay the progress of the disease,reduce the complications and improve patients＇ quality of life.Methods A total of 102 cases of hemodialysis patients with more than half a year＇s blood hemodialysis in our hospital from December 2012 to May 2015 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,with 51 cases in each group.The control group adopted the IKAP education mode,ie.information-knowledge-attitude-practice model,while the experimental group adopted traditional way of health education.Results The change in the aspect of information,knowledge,attitude and behavior of the control group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈 0.05）.Tiredness,sleep and degree of joint pain of patients of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）.Conclusions The implementation of IKAP health education mode to hemodialysis patients can effectively reduce the complications and slow the disease progression of patients,and can improve the patients＇ quality of life.