6Wiggins,G.&McTighe,J.Understanding by design.Alexandria,VA:ASCD.1998.又见么加利译.理解力培养与课程设计.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003,20,21-22.
7Wiggins,C.(1989).A True Test: Toward More Authentic and Equitable Assessment. Phi Delta Kappan,69,703-713.
8Herman,J,P.Asehbaeher,& L.Winters.(1992). A practical guide to alternative assessment. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.