乳腺癌患者发病的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of patients with breast cancer

目的探讨基本情况、遗传、生育、疾病和饮食等因素与乳腺癌发生的关系,分析乳腺癌的影响因素。方法选取2015年1月至2015年9月在中国福利会国际和平妇幼保健医院收治的168例术后病理确诊的乳腺癌患者为观察组,选取168例在体检门诊进行乳腺检查并排除乳腺癌者为对照组,比较两组研究对象的临床资料。结果两组受试者在年龄、BMI、婚姻情况、医疗保险、高血压病史及患病时间、糖尿病病史及患病时间组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t/χ~2值分别为1.317、1.511、0.203、1.080、0.056、0.828、0.000、0.020,均P>0.05)。两组患者在文化程度及职业资料比较上,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为23.875、21.212,均P<0.05)。两组患者在受挫折后情绪、自觉健康状况、与12个月之前相比的体重变化、采取措施控制体重、初潮年龄、是否绝经、避孕药物使用及乳腺癌家族史比较上,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为18.900、14.915、29.031、10.826、11.664、18.185、4.626、14.696,均P<0.05)。饮食方面两组患者在食用杂粮、猪肉、羊肉、虾、禽类、海产品、奶及奶制品、黄豆及其制品、新鲜蔬菜、水果、腌制食品、蛋类比较上,差异均具有统计学意义(χ~2值4.189~46.672,均P<0.05),两组患者在食用大米、牛肉、鱼类、酒类、抽烟差异均无统计学意义(χ~2值0.412~3.178,均P>0.05)。近两年内遭受过比较大的挫折情绪不佳、采取措施控制体重、初潮年龄早、绝经晚、服用过避孕药物、乳腺癌家族史、食用猪肉和羊肉均是乳腺癌发病的危险因素(OR值1.642~7.471,均P<0.05),母乳喂养、食用杂粮、食用奶及奶制品、食用黄豆及其制品、食用新鲜蔬菜和水果均是乳腺癌发病的保护因素(OR值0.627~0.862,均P<0.05)。结论近两年内遭受过比较大的挫折情绪不佳、采取措施控制体重、初潮年龄早、绝经晚、服用过避孕药物、乳腺癌家族史、食用猪肉和羊肉均是乳腺癌发病的危险因素,母乳喂养、食用杂粮、食用奶及奶制品、食用黄豆及其制品、食用新鲜蔬菜和水果均是乳腺癌发病的保护因素。

Objective To explore the relationship of basic condition, heredity, fertility, disease and diet with incidence of breast cancer and to find out influencing factors of breast cancer.Methods Altogether 168 patients pathologically confirmed with breast cancer hospitalized in China Welfare Institute International Peace Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January to September in 2015 were selected as observation group, and another 168 patients receiving breast cancer check in health examination outpatient clinic and excluding breast cancer were chosen as control group.Clinical data of patients in two groups was compared.Results There were no significant differences in age, BMI, marriage condition, medical insurance, history and sick time of hypertension, history and sick time of diabetes of patients between two groups （t/χ2 value was 1.317, 1.511, 0.203, 1.080, 0.056, 0.828, 0.000 and 0.020, respectively, all P〉0.05）, but there were significant differences in cultural degree and career （χ2 value was 23.875 and 21.212, respectively, both P〈0.05）.Differences in mood after setbacks, perceived health status, weight change compared to 12 months ago, taking measures to control weight, menarche age, menopausal status, using of contraceptive drugs and family history of breast cancer between two groups had statistical significance （χ2 value was 18.900, 14.915, 29.031, 10.826, 11.664, 18.185, 4.626 and 14.696, respectively, all P〈0.05）.In eating habits of patients, differences in consumption of grains, pork, mutton, shrimp, poultry, seafood, milk and dairy products, soy and soy products, fresh vegetables, fruits, pickled food, eggs between two groups were statistically significant （χ2 value ranged 4.189 to 46.672, all P〈0.05）, but no significant difference existed in consumption of rice, beef, fish, alcohol and cigarette （χ2 value ranged 0.412 to 3.178, all P〉0.05）.Bad mood caused by great setback in past two years, taking measures to control weight, early menarche age, late menopause, taking contraceptive drug, family history of breast cancer, and consumption of pork and mutton were risk factors of breast cancer （OR value ranged 1.642 to 7.471, all P〈0.05）.Breastfeeding, consumption of grains, milk and dairy products, soybean and its products, fresh vegetables and fruits were protective factors of breast cancer （OR value ranged 0.627 to 0.862, all P〈0.05）.Conclusion Bad moods caused by great setback in past two years, taking measures to control weight, early age of menarche, late menopause, taking contraceptive drug, family history of breast cancer, eating pork and mutton are risk factors of breast cancer, while breastfeeding, consumption of grains, milk and dairy products, soybean and its products, fresh vegetables and fruits are protective factors of breast cancer.