长时间出海作业对艇员疲劳与睡眠状况的影响

Effects of prolonged deployment at sea on fatigue and sleep of shipboard personnel

目的研究某艇长时间出海作业（简称长航）对艇员疲劳与睡眠状况的影响。方法长航中的第20天和平时无出航任务情况下，对全体艇员开展疲劳自评量表（fatigue self-assessment scale, FSAS）和匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（Pittsburg sleep quality index, PSQI）评估。结果将艇员长航期间的疲劳与睡眠状况进行相关分析，个体的疲劳得分与对疲劳的认识呈正相关，实际睡眠时间与睡眠总分呈负相关。长航中艇员早晨至中午疲劳状况不断升高，中午至晚上逐渐下降；平时艇员一天中各时间点疲劳感无明显波动；长航中，每日上午9：30、中午12：30、下午15：30疲劳感得分（分别为3.79±0.31、4.23±0.28、4.03±0.46）显著高于平时（分别为2.38±0.42、2.21±0.25、1.98±0.36），差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。以个人对疲劳的认知平均分（9.99）为界，分成高低分2组，认为环境对疲劳影响大的艇员在疲劳自评得分较高，睡眠时间相对较少，且睡眠质量相对较差，2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。以睡眠质量平均分（3.60）为界，分为睡眠质量较好的艇员和睡眠质量较差的艇员，个体睡眠质量较好的艇员疲劳程度相对较轻，对疲劳的认知得分较低，睡眠时间也相对较长，2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论艇员的睡眠与疲劳状况与个体对于疲劳的观念有关，长航期间的疲劳感与作息安排有关，睡眠质量较好的艇员疲劳感较轻。

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in the more of fatigue and sleep of shipboard personnel during prolonged deployment at sea and effects of prolonged deployment on fatigue and sleep.Methodsat day 20 during deployment and at homeport, questionnaire surveys were conducted on the ship crew by using fatigue self-assessment scale （FSAS） and Pittsburg sleep quality index （PSQI）.ResultsCorrelative analysis was made on the fatigue and sleep status of the crew during prolonged deployment at sea. Results showed that fatigue scores of the individuals were positively correlated with the recognition of fatigue, and actual sleep time was negatively correlated with total sleep scores. During prolonged deployment, the sensation of fatigue gradually increased from morning to noon, but then gradually decreased from noon to evening. Generally, the sensation of fatigue at different time points of a day did not fluctuate too much. Fatigue scores at 9： 30 in the morning, 12∶30 at noon and at 15： 30 in the afternoon during prolonged deployment were respectively（3.79±0.31, 4.23±0.28 and 4.03±0.46）, which were remarkably higher than those detected before deployment（2.38±0.42, 2.21±0.25 and 1.98±0.36）respectively（P〈0.01）. With the average scores of individual sensation of fatigue as the demarcation line（9.99）, they could be divided into the high-score group and low-score group. Those who held that environment exerted great impact on fatigue had higher fatigue self-assessment scores, and they had less sleep time with relatively poor sleep quality. Statistical significance could be seen, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups（P〈0.05）. With the average scores of（3.60）as an index of sleep quality assessment, those individuals who had better sleep quality experienced less fatigue, and their fatigue recognition scores were also relatively lower and also had longer sleep time. Statistical significance could be seen, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups（P〈0.05）.ConclusionsSleep and fatigue status of the shipboard naval personnel were correlated with fatigue recognition, and the sensation of fatigue during deployment was directly correlated with the work-rest schedules. Those who had better sleep quality would experience less fatigue.