传统毒品向新型毒品滥用转变的现状及原因分析

Status and Reason Analysis of Abusing Synthetic Drugs Transformed from Traditional Drugs

目的:了解云南省毒品滥用种类变化情况,分析传统毒品滥用者向新型毒品转变的原因,探索实效且区别化的干预模式。方法:采用自制调查问卷对云南省戒毒所内传统毒品滥用者进行问卷调查。以单因素方差分析方法分析毒品类型转变组(A组)与非转变组(B组)部分特征的差异及转变原因。结果:A组及B组,分别为293例及580例,复吸者为293例(100.0%)及445例(76.7%),初次滥用平均年龄21.8岁及24.0岁(P=0.00),平均滥用6.0次及2.9次(P=0.59),首次再滥用间隔平均14.5月及23.8月(P=0.00),每次平均滥用费用468.8元及304.1元(P=0.96)。A组转向的首要影响因素(前3位)为"好奇"、"同伴影响"及"新型毒品毒性或成瘾性小"。结论:云南省传统毒品滥用者多次滥用现象明显,首次再滥用间隔时间短,平均花费较高,易受好奇心理、同伴影响及对新型毒品认识不足等因素影响而转向使用新型毒品。

Objective： To study present status and change characteristics of types of drug abusing in Yunnan province, analyze inducing factors of abusing transformed from traditional drugs into synthetic drugs, and explore individual effective interventions. Methods： Traditional drugs abusers in compulsory isolated detoxification centers in Yunnan province were surveyed about abuse status and reason by self-made questionnaire. An one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） statistical method was used analyze reason for abusing transformation in transformed subgroup （group A, transformed from traditional drugs into synthetic drugs） and non- transformed subgroup （group B, sustained traditional drugs ）. Results： All 873 cases respondents in group A and group B, cases were 293 and 580,293 （100.0%） cases and 445 （76.7%） were re-abusers, age at first abusing was 21.8 and 24.0 （P=0.00）, mean abusing times were 6.0 and 2.9 （P=0.59）, a mean interval of first re-abusing was 14.5 months and 23.8 months （P=0.00）, mean abusing cost was RMB 468.8 and 304.1 （P=0.96）, respectively. The first three most important reasons of drug kinds shift in group A were ＇curiosity＇, ＇affected by companions＇ and ＇little toxicity or less addiction of synthetic drugs＇, respectively. Conclusion： Frequent abuse, short interval from first abuse to re-abuse and high mean cost are obvious in traditional drugs abusers in Yunnan province. They are shifting into abuse synthetic drugs, for reasons of ＇curiosity＇, ＇affected by companions＇ and pool knowledge about synthetic drugs