社区从封闭到开放:城市空间错配及其校正

Community from closed to open:urban spatial mismatch and correction

无论是欧美国家,还是中国,封闭式社区的兴起既符合当时的经济社会发展状况,也符合人们的需求。但是随着经济发展水平的提升、城镇化进程加快和人们需求的不断变化,封闭式社区逐渐变得不合时宜了,最主要的表现就是造成了城市空间的碎片化。依据一般均衡理论可以发现碎片化的城市空间布局,会导致城市空间资源配置低效率。为了改变这种状况,兴建开放式社区思路便顺理成章地出现了。对于中国而言,由封闭式社区向开放式社区进行转换的过程中,首先要创新社区管理模式,以应对社区性质的变化所导致的不同利益主体之间利益转换;其次需要设计出一种较为完善的安全风险规避机制,最大限度地降低各种潜在安全风险发生的可能;第三,可以借鉴其他国家广泛采用"公共地役权"做为法律依据,处理现有封闭式社区在拆除围墙后的现有公共设施使用权和所有权的变更问题。

Whether the United States and Europe, or China, the rise of the closed community in line with pre-vailing economic and social development, in line with people＊ s needs. However, with the improvement of the level of economic development, the acceleration of the process of urbanization and the changing of people9 s demand, the closed community has been out, the most important performance is caused by the fragmentation of urban space. Ac-cording to the general equilibrium theory, it can be found that the fragmentation of urban space layout will lead to low efficiency of urban space resources allocation, so the construction of open community is becoming increasingly urgent. For China, in conversion process from closed community to open community, firstly , it must innovative community management models to respond to changes in interest among different stakeholder communities change the nature of the product;econdly, we need to design a more perfect security risk avoidance mechanism, minimize the potential security risk may; third, China can learn from other countries widely used 11 public easementas the legal basis, change processing right to use existing closed community in the demolition of the wall after the existing facilities and public ownership.