福建土楼屋盖风压气动抗风措施研究

Research of aerodynamic wind-resistant measures for Fujian Tulou roof

针对福建土楼所处的气候特点,讨论了福建土楼亟待保护的屋盖抗风问题,对典型圆形和方形土楼屋盖,采用数值模拟方法,分析了土楼屋盖风压分布规律及极值风压,结果表明土楼大悬挑轻质木屋盖不利于抗风,易风致损坏.因此为了降低或减少土楼的风灾损坏,提出以"疏导"土楼屋盖风压为目的的气动抗风措施,根据世界文化遗产保护组织的要求,土楼的保护不应改变其屋盖面貌、结构和材质.研究土楼屋盖的气动抗风措施,研究表明:在土楼屋脊处通过设置导风环板来改变土楼周围的空气流场,进而有效削弱高强气流在土楼屋盖上施加的风荷载,从而提高土楼抗风性能.

According to the climate characteristics of Fujian Tulou construction, the paper discusses the problems of roof wind resistance of Fujian Tulou in urgent protection. To the typical circular and square earth building roof, it analyzes the wind-pressure distribution and extreme wind pressure with numerical simulation method. The results show that large canti-levered light wooden roof is not strong enough to resist wind, but likely to be destroyed by wind. In order to reduce the damage, the paper takes the aerodynamic wind-resistance meas-ures against the wind pressure. According to the requirement of the World Cultural Heritage Conservation, Tulou＇s protection shouldn？t change its roof feature, structure or material.The research shows tha t： it can change the air flow field around the building with the wind- guide ring plate arranged in the roof ridge, reduce the wind load generated by high-speed air-flow on the roof, and improve the wind-resistance performance.