胞外囊泡作为药物传递天然纳米载体的研究进展

The research progress of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery as natural nanocarriers

细胞释放膦脂膜的小囊泡在细胞交流、抗原递呈、感染物的传递等方面起关键作用。胞外小囊泡携带各种蛋白、mRNA、microRNA(miRNA),象一个卡车运载"货物"一样,将携带的各种分子运载至远端的细胞。而且,被小囊泡包裹的分子可避免被体液中的酶降解,使胞外囊泡成为天然的、新颖的药物传递系统。该文综述了胞外囊泡的分类、组成、生物药物应用、以及作为药物传递载体在临床实验应用等方面的研究进展,为寻求新的药物传递系统治疗相关疾病提供理论基础。

Phospholipid membrane vesicles from cells play key roles in cell communication, antigen presentation, and transmis-sion of infectious agents. Extracellular vesicles （ EVs） carry vari-ous proteins, mRNA, and microRNA（ miRNA） , like a truck to bring different molecular cargoes to remote cells. Furthermore, the encapsulated molecules by EVs can be prevented from being degraded by enzymes in body fluids, making EVs as a natural,novel drug delivery system. In this paper, we review the pro-gress of EVs for biological application and drug delivery vehicles from the classification and composition, which provides a theo-retical basis for seeking new drug delivery systems for the treat-ment of diseases.