重思邻避困境的风险沟通与治理问题:基于核电的讨论

Reconsidering Risk Communication and Governance in NIMBY Dilemma:Discussions Based on Nuclear Power

如何赢得民意和社会许可已经是目前国内核电风险设施选址过程中的主要障碍。而要破解该难题,我们既需要在微观层面针对潜在风险承担者的利益补偿,针对风险感知差异之重点群体开展理性沟通和共识协商,同时也更需要宏观层面的制度建设,通过制度化措施来缓解社会不信任,将我国在环评和社会稳评等风险沟通领域的相关制度安排落实为具体实践,并突破结构性障碍,在风险协商治理方面创新政治过程和制度,以制度的确定性来适应,甚至控制技术风险的不确定性。

Currently how to gain social license and approval by public opinion is the main obstacle in nuclear power plant siting. The author argues that to crack this problem, it needs to act on both macro level and micro level. On the micro level, economic incen-tives to potential risk bearers, effective risk communication and consensus deliberation with differentially segmented stakeholders which were proved effective in mitigating NIMBY conflicts need to be continued and refined. However, it is more urgent to act on the macro level to mitigate conflict through sound institutions, such as to regain social trust by institutionalizing distrust, to bring those institution-al arrangements into practice such as Public Participation in Environmental Impacts Evaluation, to break down the structural constrains in institutions innovation, and to refor^m the deliberative governance and political process. With all these efforts on the macro or institu-tional level, it’s promising to adjust to and even control technological uncertainty through the institutional certainty.