冯友兰基于近代化视野对晚清湘学及湘人的研究

Feng Youlan's Studies over Prominent Hunanese Personages and Their Thoughts in the Late Qing Dynasty from Modernization Perspectives

冯友兰先生认为,在举国对西方深固闭拒的守旧氛围中开展洋务运动,要从理论上进行论证。湖湘学派"以事功济义理"的传统学风对此有推动作用。王夫之的"道丽于器"的道器观,颠覆了传统的重道轻器的道器观;魏源所主张的"师夷长技以制夷"的总对策拉开了洋务运动的序幕;曾国藩由"理"到"气"的理学转变,不但使他在精神战胜洪秀全的"上帝",也为他开辟近代化道路提供了理论支撑。但是,曾国藩"以政带工"的模式,又使他成为近代化的延迟者。

China＇s modernization drive started from the Westernization Movement accompanied by Hunan Armys suppression of the Taiping Rebellion, a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. Mr. Feng Youlan proposes theoretical explorations into prominent Hunanese personages and their contributions to the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty. Feng argues that the pragmatic style of the Huxiang School of Learning had had a positive effect on the Westernization Movement. For example, Wang Fuzhi’s remark on the theory of Tao and Qi （道器观）revolutionized the historical status of this theory in Chinese philosophy. Wei Yuan put forward his thinking of ＊ learning merits from the foreign to conquer the foreign 5 , which serves as a prelude to the Westernization Movement. Zeng Guofan 5 s transformation from stressing Li （理）to extolling Qi （气）helped him prevail over the rebels and provide a theoretical support for his modernization initiatives. It should be noted that Zeng Guofan’s model of ‘politics-driven industrialization’ is often criticized for hindering the pace of China’s modernization.