流域生态系统健康评价研究进展

Research Progress of Basin Ecosystem Health Assessment

流域生态系统评价体系是评价研究流域是否健康的基本依据,其评价结果为流域生态系统保护措施和政策制定提供基础。在介绍流域生态系统健康状态的前提下,总结了国内外流域生态系统评价理论和评价指标的发展历史及现状,整合出目前较为流行的评价体系,并着重阐述了五类实用模型,分别为:水基系统评价模型、改进物元分析、生物完整性指数法、压力-状态-响应模型(PSR)及景观格局分析法。针对不同的流域环境选择合适的评价体系是准确评价流域生态系统健康状况的根本。总结得到综合指标评价体系,主要包括物理、生物、社会环境、生态功能及社会功能等五种指标,在明确指标后按评价流程对流域进行系统评价。对现存的问题进行了分析与展望。

The evaluation system of watershed ecosystem is the basis for evaluating the health of the watershed, and the evaluation results provide the basis for the protection measures and policy making of the watershed ecosystem. In the premise of introducing watershed ecosystem health, this paper summarized the development history and current situation of the ecological system assessment theory and evaluation indicator at home and abroad, integratedthe popular evaluation systems, and discussedthe five kinds of practical models includingthe water -based system evaluation model, the improved matter -element analysis, the biological integrity index method, the model of pressure state response （PSR） and the landscape pattern analysis. It is essential to select appropriate assessment system for evaluating the health status of the watershed ecosystem. The comprehensive index evaluation system, including the 5 indicators of physical environment, biological environment, social environment, ecological function and social function, was obtained to evaluate the watershed system. The paper also made prospects according the existing problems of the evaluation system.