中国和印度有关地图边界画法的交涉及其意义(1950—1962)

The Question of Maps:China-India Negotiation and its Significance,1950—1962

中印两国在处理边界争端的过程中,都利用地图作为各自权利主张的关键证据。有关地图的边界画法是双方交涉的重要内容,体现了两国处理边界问题的不同的政策措施。从19世纪80年代到20世纪50年代,中国地图边界画法的演变,主要显示出中国主张所具有历史权利的突出特点,特别是中国中央政府对边疆地区认识和管辖能力的加强。印度画法的变化是英国以及英印政府在测绘、考察的基础上,在印度周边地区推行"前进政策",实施"战略边界"政策的结果。中国和印度的有关交涉,更涉及西藏的历史地位和中国中央政府对西藏地区所拥有的主权这样关系重大的问题,因而具有更为深远的政治意义。

Both China and India had been utilized their respective maps as the key evidence and strong proof to claim their rights to the disputed territories. The negotiation between China and India on the different alignments in the maps embodies the different policies of two countries towards the border disputes. The formalization of the customary and traditional lines in China＇ s maps underlines the China＇ s historical rights to the territories which the Central Governments had claimed and administrated. The changes in Indian maps, based on the surveys and expeditions during the British Raj, had been the result of the ＂strategic frontier＂ policy and Nehru＇ s decision. And more critically, given the fundamental connection between the boundary alignment and China＇ s sovereignty over Tibet, the negotiation about the question of maps has the extremely profound political significance to China.