藏族药兔耳草属药用植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

Research Advances in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of Tibetan Herb Lagotis

藏族药兔耳草属药用植物资源充足,品种丰富,具有行血解毒,清热调经的功效,在藏族医药体系中应用广泛,是藏族药中常用的上品药材,在多种方剂中作为主药。但目前兔耳草属药用植物的研究报道较少,其研究成果主要集中在革叶兔耳草Lagotis alutacea,短穗兔耳草L.brachystachya,短管兔耳草L.brevituba,圆穗兔耳草L.ramalana,云南兔耳草L.yunnanensis这几个种的兔耳草属植物的药理和化学成分的研究,其他种的兔耳草属植物罕见报道。目前研究表明,兔耳草属药用植物含有黄酮类、环烯醚萜苷类、苯丙素苷类、甾体类、三萜类等多种化学成分。现代药理研究表明其具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗肝损伤、抗炎、抗痛风等多种药理活性。兔耳草属药用植物应用前景非常广阔,但对其的研究开发较少。本文搜集了对近年来兔耳草属植物的资源分布、化学成分、药理作用及其在藏族医药体系的应用进行系统的文献综述,以期为其临床合理应用和深入开发提供科学参考。

Lagotis medicinal plants of Tibetan medicine＇s resources are very abundant, with rich varieties, blood detoxification, heat menstruation effect, and are widely used in Tibetan medicine system. It is a common top grade herb in Tibetan medicines and is used as the main herb in multiple prescriptions. However, the present research reports on Lagotis medicinal plants are less, and the research is mainly concentrated in the pharmacological and chemical studies of L. alutacea, L. brachystachya, L. brevituba, L. ramalana, and L. yunnanensis, while other Lagotis species are rarely reported. Current research shows that Lagotis medicinal plants contain flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and other chemical constituents. Modern pharmacological research shows that it has antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, liver damage resistance, anti-inflammatory, anti gout and other pharmacological activities. Lagotis medicinal plants have very broad prospects for application, but there is little research and development. The literature on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lagotis plant system in recent years was reviewed in this paper, hoping to provide scientific reference for their clinical reasonable application and further development.