胎儿及新生儿肾积水的评估及处理

Evaluation and treatment of hydronephrosis in fetus and neonate

先天性肾积水是小儿泌尿外科常见畸形，是儿童慢性肾脏疾病和肾衰竭的主要原因。虽然可以通过手术方法解除梗阻，但一些患者术后仍然存在远期肾功能恶化的问题。目前，肾积水的产前产后检查及处理仍存在许多争议。现通过对最近发表文献进行回顾，针对产前及出生后检查、评价系统、随访及治疗策略等最新进展进行系统阐述。

Congenital hydronephrosis is the main cause of childhood chronic renal disease and renal failure, which is also one of the most common anomalies in pediatric urology division. Although the operation is performed to treat obstruction, the renal function of patients get worse and worse, postoperatively. Up to date, there are lots of contro- versies in evaluation of hydronephrosis and treatment at prenatal and postnatal. According to recent articles, the recent examinations, evaluation system, follow - up and treatment strategies of hydronephrosis are introduced.