“吴江派”与“临川派”之构建与检讨——以民国时期戏曲史著为考察对象

The Construction and Review of the Wujiang School and Linchuan School: A Study of the History Research Books of Traditional Chinese Theatre in the Republic of China

戏曲史上"吴江派"与"临川派"的命名得以确立,是由民国时期的戏曲史家完成的。由于这些戏曲史家既没有对"流派"概念加以界定,又缺乏流派划分应遵循的共识与准则,各家史著在两派成员的统系归属、成员人数的多寡上各有不同;在阐释两派理论主张时,也存在夸大彼此之间观点对立的现象。民国以来一些戏曲史家之所以不承认临川派的存在,很大程度上在于他们是在用现代流派理论来衡量古代文学流派,因而在流派认知上出现了偏误。因此,构建切合古代戏曲发展实际的流派理论,就显得尤为必要了。

The naming of Wujiang Group and Linchuan School in the history of drama was established by drama historians of the Republic of China. Because these drama historians had neither defined the concept of School, nor had they reached a consensus and guidelines that should be followed in the division of the School. These drama history research books differed in the classification and number of dramatists. In interpreting the theol-y of the two factions, there is also a tendency to exaggerate the opposition between the two groups. Since the Republic of China, some drama historians had denied the existence of Linehuan School, largely because they used modern school theory to measure the ancient literary groups. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a theory which is in line with the actual development of ancient drama.