不同执行部门R&D投入对全要素生产率的影响——基于中美比较的视角

Comparative study of the impact R&D structure on TFP between China and the US

本文基于1998-2011年中国30个省市及1987-2011年美国50个州的地区面板数据,采用GMM模型对比分析了两国不同执行部门的R&D投入对全要素生产率影响效果的差异。研究结果表明,在中国各执行部门R&D效果比较中,工业企业最强,余下依次为科研机构和高等学校;而美国高等学校R&D投入对其全要素生产率的影响弹性系数最大,其次为企业,最末为联邦政府的科研机构。相对于美国来讲,中国对高等学校R&D重视程度明显不足。因此,中国应坚持以企业为主导,同时保证资金和政策向高校合理倾斜,实现产学研结合的研发模式,才能为未来中国经济的可持续发展奠定坚实基础。

In this paper, we used 30 provinces data of china from 1998 to 2011 and panel data of 50 states of America from 1987 to 2011, and analyzed of the difference between the two countries about how different R＆D departments impact the total factor productivity via dynamic GMM Model. The results show that in China, the strongest impact is from industrial enterprises, and then the research in- stitution and universities. Meanwhile, colleges and universities＇ R＆D input of the United States impact on TFP the most hardly, fol- lowed by enterprise, the last is the federal government＇s research institutions. In general, with respect to the relative maturity of the technology research and development system in the US, China＇s colleges and universities are received insufficient emphasis in R＆D, there is still much room for improvement in inter - sector allocation and adjustment of R ＆ D resources.