新型城镇化背景下农村社区协商实践创新的规范化与制度化研究——基于全国16个农村社区协商典型案例的分析

Study on the Standardization and Institutionalization of Rural Community Consultative Practice Innovation under the Background of New Urbanization——Analysis of the Typical Consultation Cases of 16 Rural Communities

农村社区协商是自我整合、自我治理、自我规则化的过程。它通过多种渠道和不同形式来构建农村社区利益表达机制、利益保障机制、利益实现机制,推动着农村社区治理形成有序秩序。通过对比全国16个农村社区协商典型案例,从协商时域、协商主体、协商动因、协商程序和协商结果等五个方面研究发现,农村社区协商实践创新注重采取多种形式的协商方式与协商内容,保障公众参与社区协商的拓展与深入。但与此同时,协商实践的弱参与与主体代表性不统一、协商实践趋向异化与程序设计规范化相违背、实践创新的短周期与制度供给之间的不匹配、协商实践创新形式化与效力可持续性相冲突等问题,则进一步困扰着农村社区协商进程,建立稳定的农村社区协商体系亟待制度与政策的保驾护航。为此,今后农村社区协商要通过制度安排保障协商时域发展的均衡性、协商主体参与的平等性、协商动因启动的包容性、协商程序制定的规范性、协商结果达成的共识性。具体而言,农村社区协商实践创新应当以地方发展实际为起点,推动协商程序设计规范化;以培育农民主体为基础,引导利益诉求表达理性化;以制度权威重塑为重点,确保协商实践成果共享化;以协商的法治化为保障,促进农村社区治理现代化,实现农村社区协商实践创新的规范化与制度化。

Rural community consultation-is the process of self-integration, self-governance and self- regulation. It constructs the expression mechanism of the interests, the benefit protection mechanism and the realization mechanism of interests of the rural community through various channels and different forms, and promotes the formation of order of the rural community governance. This article compares the typical consultation cases of 16 rural communities from five aspects, such as negotiation time and area, consultative subjects, negotiation motivation, consultative procedure and consultation result. The research found that the rural community consultation practice innovation pays attention to adopting various negotiation forms and contents, guaranteeing the expansion and deepening of public participation in community consultation. But at the same time, the weak participation of negotiation practice is inconsistent with the subjective representativeness, the alienation of negotiation practice and the standardization of programming is conflicting, the short period of practice innovation mismatches with the system supply, the formalization of consultative practice conflicts with the sustainability of validity. These problems further perplex the rural community consultative process, and it＇s urgent to establish a stable rural community consultative system to escort the construction of a stable rural community consultation system. To this end, for the furore consultation of rural communities, institutional arrangements shall be established to guarantee the balance of the development of negotiation time and area, the equality of participation of consultative bodies, the inclusion of consultative motivations, the standardization of consultation procedures, and consensus-orientation of consultative outcomes. In particular, the practice of rural community consultation innovation shall take the specific local condition as the start point, promote the standardization of consultation process design; it shall cultivate the farmers as main subjects, guide the rational expression of interests claims; it shall take the reestablishment of authority as priority, ensure the sharing of the results of consultation practice; and take the legalization of negotiation as guarantee, to promote the modernization of rural community governance and to realize the standardization and institutionalization of rural community consultation practice.