手性农药己唑醇和腈菌唑对黄酒酿造微生物酶活性的影响

Effects of chiral fungicide hexaconazole and myclobutanil on microbial enzyme activities during rice wine brewing

在食品发酵过程中,残留的农药会对酿造微生物及产品组分产生一定影响,而酶在此过程中发挥着关键作用。作者在对映异构体水平上研究了手性农药己唑醇和腈菌唑对黄酒酵母和米曲霉中典型酶的酶活性和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:不同农药对映异构体对微生物酶活性的影响存在显著差异,其中:(+)-己唑醇对黄酒酵母超氧化物歧化酶(SOD酶)活性具有较明显的抑制作用,而(–)-己唑醇则对其有激活作用;低浓度的(+)-腈菌唑对黄酒酵母脂肪酶活性的抑制作用小于(–)-腈菌唑,而高浓度(+)-腈菌唑对脂肪酶活性的抑制作用却大于(–)-腈菌唑;(+)-己唑醇对米曲霉中的脂肪酶活性有明显的激活作用,而(–)-己唑醇对其则有抑制作用。本研究结果证明,手性农药对映异构体对发酵微生物酶活性的影响存在差异,并可能影响黄酒的组分和品质,使黄酒安全性存在较大风险。

The pesticide residues might have certain affection on the microorganisms during the food fermentation, while enzymes of the microorganisms play important roles in the whole process. This paper mainly focused on the inference ofhexaconazole and myclobutanil enantiomers on the typical enzyme activities and protein content of yeast and Aspergillus oryzae. It was found that the enzyme activities were significantly different when treated with two different enantiomers. In detail, （＋）- hexaconazole had certain inhibition effect on SOD activity, while the （-）-enantiomer exhibited activation effect. （＋）-Myclobutanil exhibited less inhibition effect on the yeast lipase than （-）- myclobutanil at low concentration, while at high concentration, those two enantiomers showed different behavior on the enzyme activity. （＋）-Hexaconazole was also found to promote the lipase of Aspergillus oryzae, while the enzyme was inhibited by （-）-enantiomer. In summary, it was confirmed that the enantiomers of chiral pesticides exhibited different behaviors on the enzyme activities of the microorganisms. Furthermore, the wine component and safety might be affected by the pesticide residues.