细胞工厂中的代谢传质与过程强化

Metabolite transport and process enhancement in cell factories

细胞工厂是生物制造的重要技术平台,为生物质资源的开发和利用奠定了基础.代谢传质是细胞新陈代谢必不可少的部分,也是提高代谢产物合成的关键因素之一.胞内传质的方式和对象多样、效率不一,低效率的代谢传质严重影响了细胞工厂的生产能力.跨膜传质和无膜传质是代谢传质的两种主要形式,通过对这两种传质途径的改造和优化,可以提高细胞工厂生产初级代谢产物、次级代谢产物和生物大分子的能力.运用合成生物学和代谢工程手段,从多个角度对细胞的传质途径进行改造或从头设计、构建,可以有效提高代谢传质的效率、降低中间代谢物的损耗、提高目标产物的产量.本文从不同类型的代谢传质出发,总结了近年来利用强化代谢传质提高细胞工厂合成能力的研究,为更加深入、系统地研究代谢传质,拓宽其在细胞工厂生产中的应用提供了参考和策略.

Cell factories are the basis of biorefinery and necessary for the development and application of bio-based resources. Metabolite transport is essential for cell metabolism as well as the synthesis of diverse metabolites. There are a variety of methods to transport metabolites, with different transport efficiencies. A low transport efficiency greatly affects the production of cell factories. The two major transport methods can be defined as transport with or without membranes, which can be modified and optimized to increase the production of primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and biomacromolecules in cell factories. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering methods can be used to modify or redesign and construct transport pathways, which can effectively enhance metabolite transport, reduce the loss of intermediate metabolites, and increase the yield of products. Studies on the usage of metabolite transport to enhance the production of cell factories were reviewed, and references and methods for future systematic studies of metabolite transport were identified.