磁小体的生物合成及用于肿瘤靶向治疗的研究进展

Biosynthesis and application of magnetosomes in tumor-targeting therapy

趋磁细菌产生的磁小体是生物膜包被的磁性纳米颗粒,具有优良的纳米磁特性;相比化学合成的磁性纳米材料,其生物来源赋予磁小体更好的生物相容性和遗传可操作性.在生物医学领域,除了用于磁热疗进行肿瘤治疗外,最近几年其作为靶向药物载体、可能参与肿瘤微环境调控的性质得到研究者的广泛关注;同时DNA重组技术的发展解决了磁小体的产率低而趋磁细菌难培养的问题.本文综述了磁小体的生物合成及其相关研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.

Magnetosomes are nano-sized natural crystalline particles that are biomineralized by magnetotactic bacteria. They have attracted much attention because of their superior nano-magnetic properties, unprecedented biocompatibility, and genetic maneuverability endowed by magnetotactic bacteria. Magnetosomes can potentially be used in many fields. In the biomedicine field, in addition to their application in tumor-targeting magnetic hyperthermia, the capability of magnetosomes to deliver tumor-targeting drugs and their possible involvement in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment have become popular research topics in recent years. Moreover, technological developments in DNA recombination techniques resolved the bottleneck due to the low-yield magnetosome production by unculturable magnetotactic bacteria. This article is mainly focused on the biosynthesis of magnetosomes and related research progress in recent years and the prospects for their application in the future.