大数据时代信息隐私面临的伦理挑战

On the Ethical Challenge of Information Privacy under the Historical Background of Big Data

在数据库话语体系下,数据作为一种语言符号构成了信息域的本体结构。基于这一基本事实,大数据时代下个体身份的建构实际上就是数据挖掘到信息拓展的过程。但由于在这一过程中,智能计算存在着自身无法克服的推断性难题,所以就信息隐私而言,在一种人工环境的完全包围中,则必然要面临人类自我反思能力丧失所带来的伦理风险,即"超级全景监狱"之下的个体自由问题。立足于大数据的时代背景,回到信息域本体结构的论证之上,并且将信息隐私作为一项基本权利重新审视其内涵,才能为这一伦理难题的解决寻求一种可能性途径。

Under the system discourse of database, as a kind of language sign, data constitute the mechanical structure of information field. Based on this fact, the construction of individual identity is actually the process from information mining to information extension. However, during this process, the insuperable inferential challenge still exists in intelligent computing, as for the information privacy, in the thorough ring of artificial environment, a kind of ethical risk, which is called as the problem of individual freedom under the super panopticon, caused by the loss of self - reflection ability appears in front of human beings. Based on the historical background of big data, to go back to the argument of the mechanical structure of information field and to reexamine the information privacy as a kind of fundamental rights will come up with a feasible approach of settling this ethical challenge.