论宋代天文历法观念的变迁及其对自然科学发展之影响

On the Changes of Astronomical Calendar Concept in the Song Dynasty and Its Influence on the Development of Natural Science

中国古代天文历法学在宋代发展迅速。宋人以开放的心态接受天文学知识,皇帝重视历法、大臣积极参与历法,民间的历算学者们亦特别活跃。究其原因,主要源于社会生产需要生产者科学知识的丰富,学校教育发展促成历学普及,政府科研机构的增多,中外科学文化交流的客观促进等。宋朝频繁"改历"行动的背后,既有政治原因的推动,又有科学与迷信的斗争。受其影响,宋代自然科学中的天体结构理论,潮汐理论、农学理论等,均获得较大发展。而中国古代数学发展受到的益处最大,诸多世界级领先成果亦由此诞生。

The ancient Chinese astronomical calendar has developed rapidly in the Song Dynasty. They used an open mind to accept the knowledge of astronomy, the emperor attached to the calendar, the minister actively participate in the calendar, folk calendar scholars are also particularly active. The main reason is that the social production needs the rich scientific knowledge of the producer, the development of the school education to promote the popularization of science and so on. Behind the action of ＂ change calendar＂ are both the political reasons to promote and the struggle between science and superstition. By its influence, the natural science in the Song Dynasty has been greatly developed and many world -class leading results were born.