自动静脉穿刺装置及控制系统研究

Study on Automatic Venipuncture Device and Control system

基于临床PICC(Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)置管手术过程,提出了一套静脉穿刺装置及控制系统设计方案,该装置采用B超图像引导,通过微控制器,达到自动静脉穿刺置管目的。自动静脉穿刺装置采用双步进电机丝杠螺母传动装置,控针电机推动穿刺针和软管穿刺皮肤进入血管,置管电机推动软管到位并触发退针按钮,使针体退回针筒内。采用速度和加速度分段控制策略,在整个穿刺过程中设置多个关键控制点,再分别对各行程段进行控制,各段行程和速度根据不同静脉血管的深度和内径情况进行自动预选,从而达到快速精确控制进针和置管的目的。

According to clinical PICC （Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter） catheter surgery, this project introduces a new scheme for vein puncturing device and its controlling system. This device adopts ultrasonic image guided by the microcontroller, to achieve automatic venous catheterization. This kind of automatic vein puncture device adopts double stepping motors and screws as its transmission. One motor drives the needle and the hose to puncture into vein through skin. The other one drives the hose to specified location, then triggers withdrawal button and then the needle withdraws back into its cylinder. Several key points were set in the process of puncturing, the velocity period and the acceleration period can be preselected respectively. Moving distance and velocity of the needle in vein puncturing were setup automatically according to diameter and depth of the vein, achieving controlling puncturing and placing hose accurately.