2013-2015年惠东地区儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌感染流行病学特征及耐药性分析

Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance in children with respiratory tract infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae in Huidong area,2013-2015

目的了解惠东地区儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌感染流行病学特征及耐药性,以期做好早期防治。方法分析2013年1月1日-2015年12月30日惠东县人民医院收治的1 112例儿童呼吸道感染患者资料,对其中105例流感嗜血杆菌感染进行流行病学特征总结并分析其耐药性情况。结果 1 112例呼吸道感染中有105例流感嗜血杆菌感染,占9.44%。105例流感嗜血杆菌儿童年龄以2~4岁儿童常见,占58.10%,以冬春季好发,占全部病例80.95%;流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶阳性有31例,其中对头孢曲松、头孢呋辛钠、阿奇霉素、头孢哌酮舒巴坦耐药性均较低,对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、青霉素耐药较高,均大于50%;HI生物学分布上均以Ⅱ、Ⅲ最常见,共有60例,占全部的57.14%。结论2013-2015年儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌感染以2~3岁儿童多见,好发于冬春季,常见于Ⅱ、Ⅲ生物分型,对阿奇霉素、第二、三代头孢菌素类抗生素敏感性较好。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of children with respiratory tract infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae in Huidong area so as to early prevent and control the infection. Methods We analyzed the data a- bout 1,112 children with respiratory tract infections and hospitalized in the People ＇ s Hospital of Huidong County from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2015. The epidemiological characteristics of 105 cases of ttaemophilus influenzae infection were summarized, and the drug resistance was analyzed. Results There were 105 cases of Haemophil~ influenzae infection in 1,112 children with respiratory tract in- fections, accounting for 9.44%. Most of the 105 cases of Haemophilus influenzae infection were children aged 2-4 years, accounting for 58.10%. There were two incidence peaks in winter and spring, accounting for 80.95% of the total cases. There were 31 cases with beta- lactamase-positive strain of Haemophilus influenzae, and the drug resistant rates to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime sodium, azithromycin and cef- operazone sulbactam were lower, but the rates to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and penicillin were all more than 50%. Biological distribution of Haemophilus influenzae showed biotypes II and HI were the most common, accounting for 57.14% { 60/105）. Conclu- sions Most of the cases with respiratory tract infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae in Huidong area in 2013-2015 are children aged 2-3 years, and occur in winter and spring. Haemophilus influenzae biotypes II and m are prevailing, and Haemophilus influenzae strains are sensitive to azithromycin and second and three generation cephalosporins.