难加工材料枪钻加工技术研究

Research on Gun-drilling Process for Difficult-to-cut Materials

深孔加工是机械加工领域的重要分支,在钛合金、沉淀硬化不锈钢等难加工材料的深孔加工过程中,存在加工表面质量差、刀具崩刃、磨损严重和断屑排屑困难等问题。枪钻是深孔加工领域发展最早、应用范围最广的深孔加工刀具之一,其几何结构特殊,在深孔加工中具有加工质量好、效率高、直线度好等特点。本文介绍了枪钻的主要结构及受力情况,分析了枪钻的切削加工过程及其断屑条件,通过对切屑、切削力和切削温度的研究,得到了刀具、工艺参数以及切屑对加工质量和刀具磨损的影响规律。最后以两种典型的难加工材料为代表,分析了难加工材料深孔加工的特点。研究结果对难加工材料的枪钻深孔加工具有重要的指导意义。

As an important branch of mechanical processing, deep-hole machining is troubled by bad surface quality, tool chipping and difficulty in chip removal in machining titanium alloys, precipitation hardened stainless steels and other difficult-to-cut materials. However,a gun drill is one of the earliest and most widely used deep- hole machining tools,with its special geometrical features to ensure good machining quality, high efficiency and good straightness. In this article, the structure and the force situation of a gun drill were introduced and the gun-drilling process and the chip-breaking condition were analyzed. Furthermore, by investigating the chip, the cutting temperature and force, the influence of a gun drill, its process parameters and cutting chip on the machining quality and tool wear were obtained. At last, the features of the gun- drilling process for difficult-to-cut materials were analyzed via two typical materials. Wherefore, the research result has a significant guiding value for gun-drilling difficult-to-cut materials.