比较义动词的两类语法化途径——以“况”、“比似”为例

The two grammaticalization ways on comparative verbs——Taking " Kuang( 况) " and " Bisi( 比似) " for example

"况"与"比似"最初均为动词,"与……相比"义,但二者的语法化途径迥然不同,前者为"比较义动词→递进连词→并列连词",后者为"比较义动词→选择连词→假设连词"。出现这种现象的根源在于对差比句的深层语义结构"X1Y1,所以Y2,X2Y3,Y3不如或胜过Y1,所以更Y2"中各要素进行不同的突显和投射。如果突显和投射的是被比较项的比较内容和比较结果,那么就是"况"的语法化途径,如果突显和投射的只是比较结果,那么就是"比似"的语法化途径。

＂ Kuang （况） ＂ and ＂bisi（比似） ＂, which meant ＂to compare with＂ , were both verbs in the beginning, but their grammati- calization ways are completely different ： the former is ＂ comparative verb→progressive conjunction→coordinative conjunction＂ , and the later is ＂comparative verb→alternative conjunction→hypothetical conjunction＂. The cause for this phenomenon is different salience and projection for every factor in deep semantic construction of inferiorly comparative sentence ＂X1Y1, so Y2 ; X2Y3, and Y3 is inferior to or better than Y1, so more Y2＂. If the highlighted and projected is comparative content of compared term and comparative result, there grammaticalization way of ＂kuang（况） ＂ ; if the highlighted and projected is only comparative result, there＇s grammaticalization way of ＂bisi（比似） ＂