不同有机肥对豫中植烟土壤酶活性及养分含量的影响

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Enzymatic Activity and Nutrient Content of Tobacco Planting Soil in Centre Henan

通过分析不同种类有机肥对植烟土壤主要土壤酶活性和土壤养分的影响,筛选出适宜当地烟区最优的有机肥种类。采用大田试验,在施化肥和芝麻饼肥相同的基础上,设置4个处理,分别为CK(不施有机肥);T1(精制有机肥,1500 kg/hm^2);T2(有机肥料1号,600 kg/hm^2);T3(复方有机菌肥,1500 kg/hm^2)。结果表明:施用精制有机肥能显著提高土壤蔗糖酶[最大值达到11.47 mg/(g·d)]和脲酶活性[最大值达到1.45 mg/(g·d)],对土壤有效磷钾也有显著提高作用,最大值分别达到43.08、472 mg/kg。复方有机菌肥处理显著提高土壤碱解氮含量,长期土壤碱解氮含量达到400 mg/kg。在许昌烟区,相对于对照处理,有机肥和化肥配施能明显提高土壤肥力水平,特别是精制有机肥和复方有机菌肥与化肥芝麻饼肥配施对改善土壤肥力方面效果显著。

The paper aims to select the optimum organic fertilizer for tobacco planting soil in central Henan by analyzing the effect of different organic fertilizers on major soil enzyme activities and nutrition content. A field experiment was carried out with the same application amounts of chemical fertilizer and sesame cake fertilizer, four treatments were set up： （1） no organic fertilizer （CK）; （2） refined-organic fertilizer, 1500 kg/hm^2（T1）; （3） organic fertilizer No. 1,600 kg/hm^2（T2）; and （4） compound-organic-bio-fertilizer, 1500 kg/hm^2（T3）. The results showed that soil sucrase and urease activity were significantly improved by the maximum value of 11.47 mg/（g·d） and 1.45 mg/（g·d）, respectively, under T1 treatment, the available phosphorus and available potassium content were also elevated by the maximum value of 43.08 and 472 mg/kg, respectively. The soil available nitrogen content was significantly improved under T3 treatment, and reached 400 mg/kg in vigorous growth stage. At Xuchang tobacco area, the combined application of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could obviously improve soil fertility, especially the treatment of refined-organic fertilizer or compound-organic-biofertilizer combined with sesame cake fertilizer.