播种方式对冬小麦产量构成、品质及水分利用率的影响

Effect of Sowing Patterns on Yield Components and Its Components,Grain Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

为探索晋南地区小麦—玉米一年两作条件下适宜的小麦播种模式,通过大田试验,设置条播行距15 cm(行距-15)、条播行距20 cm(行距-20)、人工撒播等3个处理,研究不同播种方式对冬小麦植株分蘖特征、产量及构成因素、籽粒品质及水分利用率的影响。结果表明,相同播种量下,条播比撒播处理基本苗多,且条播行距-15处理的冬小麦总茎数以及成穗数显著高于行距-20和撒播处理,产量最高,比撒播和行距-20处理分别增产8.67%,10.26%;而撒播处理冬小麦单株分蘖数和单株成穗数优于条播处理。可见,条播行距-15有利于冬小麦群体生长和产量提高,而撒播处理更利于单株效应;行距-15处理下冬小麦籽粒品质综合评价值较高,比撒播和行距-20处理分别高6.25%,10.86%;行距-15处理的籽粒水分利用率(WUE籽粒)比行距-20处理高11.15%,比撒播处理高3.99%。说明在小麦—玉米一年两作模式下小麦采用条播行距-15处理的群体结构更加合理,利于冬小麦优质高产。

To explore suitable sowing pattern in wheat-maize double cropping system in south of Shanxi province, three different planting patterns （drilling with 15 cm row space, drilling with 20 cm row space and broadcasting） under the same seeding rate were designed to study the effect of sowing pattern on winter wheal tillering characteristic, grain yield and its components, grain quality and water use efficiency. The results showed that under the same seeding rate, drilling increased basic seedlings compared with broadcasting, and total stem number and ears in 15 cm row space were significantly higher than those in 20 cm row space and broadcasting. The yield in 15 em row space was the highest, which increased production by 8.76% compared to broadcasting and 10.26% compared to 20 cm row space. While tillering number and ears per plant under broadcasting were higher than those in drilling treatments, h indicated that drilling with 15 cm row space was favorable to group growth and yield increasing, broadcasting was beneficial to individual effect. Grain quality comprehensive index in drilling with 15 cm row space was 6.25% higher than broadcasting and 10.86% higher than drilling with 20 cm row space. Water use efficiency in drilling with 15 cm row space was 11.15% higher than drilling with 20 cm row space and 3.99% higher than broadcasting. In wheat-maize double cropping system, the suitable sowing pattern was drilling with 15 cm row space for wheat high quality and yield.