采砂对河道生态环境的影响及对策综述

Review on environmental effects and management to sand and gravel mining

砂石是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,是河流生物附着生存的物理基底和重要生境要素。为满足修建公路、桥梁、房地产开发等多方面的需求,河道采砂的强度和规模与日俱增。大规模的河道采砂会引起一系列严重的生态环境后果,包括河床下切导致河势失稳,河道水位和漫滩洪水发生频率下降,地表径流和地下水分配格局发生变化,河流生境和生物多样性下降,威胁着河流生态系统结构和功能的完整性,使得系统稳定性和抵抗力下降。在理解生态环境影响机理的基础上制定有针对性的管理对策,有助于将河道采砂造成的干扰控制在河流系统可以承受的范围之内,减轻或避免产生负面的生态环境问题。

Demand for sand and gravel in China has been experiencing a rapid growth induced by rapid development of social economy, which would significantly affect the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of mined rivers. This paper illustrates the complex physicochemical and biotic responses to disturbance, such as channel incision, bed degradation, water regime change and biodiversity loss, presents some corresponding recommendations for keeping the adverse impacts of river gravel extraction under control.