论最低生活保障职能在政府间的合理性分配——兼析《社会救助暂行办法》

On Rational Distribution of the Lowest Life Guarantee Function in the Government——A Review on Social Assistance Interim Measures

从低保建制到《社会救助暂行办法》公布施行,我国政府间低保职能分配改革逐步走向深化,在一定程度上提升了低保制度的规范性与公平性。但现行低保职能分配体系无论是在财政责任分配还是在管理责任及决策权分配中,仍面临着影响低保制度减贫效能的结构性矛盾。相应的治理策略应包括:规范"中央—省—市"三级政府间的低保财政转移支付,以平衡低保财政分配的公平与效率目标;构建"街道主导—社区协助—家计调查中心为补充"的低保管理体系,以兼顾低保管理的规范性与灵活性需要;推行"中央确定低保基准线,地方决定价格补贴水平"的低保标准制定程序,以化解低保标准制定中自主性与统一性的矛盾。

From the establishment of the lowest life guarantee to the implementation of Social Assistance Interim Measures, the reform of functional distribution of the lowest life guarantee in government has improved the system＇s standardization and fairness to some extent. However, the current system of functional distribution of the lowest life guarantee still meets structural contradictions in the aspects of management and policy making. The corresponding strategies should include the following aspects, standardizing the financial transfer payment among the ＂central-provincial-municipal＂ governments to balance between equality and efficiency, establishing the management system of ＂Street Office centered, community assisted, Income Assessment Center supplemented＂ to consider both stand- ardization and flexibility, and promoting the procedure through which ＂central government determines the basic line and local govern- ments determine the price subsidies＂ thus solving the contradiction between autonomy and uniformity.