城镇化进程中我国基础教育体制改革面临的挑战及其对策

Challenges and Countermeasures of China's Primary Education System Reform in the Process of Urbanization

随着城镇化的快速发展,农村人口大规模向城镇转移,产生了数量庞大的农村留守儿童,农村学校空壳化与城镇学校大班额化并存,农村义务教育学校师资流失严重。社会环境的变化给基础教育管理带来了一系列深层次的挑战:流动人口随迁子女就地升学难以实现,农村留守儿童教育问题突出,义务教育学校布局调整面临两难选择,农村义务教育学校教师逆向流动趋势明显。面对社会环境变化带来的重重挑战,完善流动人口随迁子女教育政策,建立城乡一体化的户籍管理制度,充分发挥寄宿制学校的教育优势,构建农村留守儿童关爱服务体系,慎重对待义务教育学校布局调整,构建城乡一体化的教育发展机制,完善城镇教师援助农村学校制度,健全农村教师到城镇跟岗培训机制,是当前我国基础教育体制改革的路径选择。

With the rapid development of urbanization, the rural population shift to the town greatly. At the same time, this resulted in a large number of rural children left behind. Rural schools become empty shells, while town schools are overcrowded. In the compulsory education schools of rural areas, the loss of teachers is very serious. Changes in the environment have brought a series of challenges to primary education management： It is difficult to achieve that children can go to the town school with their floating parents, the problem for the children left behind in rural areas is still serious, the layout adjustment of compulsory education schools faces dilemma, and the trend of reverse flow of teachers in rural compulsory education schools was obvious. Facing the challenges posed by environmental change, we should improve the education policy for this kind of children, establish integrated household registration management system, give full play to the boarding schools, build a rural care service system for the children left behind, take great consider when make layout adjustment for compulsory education schools, construct integrated educational development mechanism, improve the system that urban teachers assist the rural schools, and improve the mechanism that rural teachers would have the chance to take further training in urban school.