宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Wide-narrow Row Interlaced Thick-planting Pattern on Photosynthetic Characteristic and Yield in Summer Maize

以登海618为试材,常规等行距种植方式为对照,设置不同种植密度、宽窄行种植、行间错位,比较研究宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式下夏玉米叶面积指数和群体干物质积累量随着种植密度的增加而增加,叶片净光合速率逐渐降低;与对照相比,密度为86 625、101 055株/hm^2时叶片后期衰老缓慢,维持较高净光合速率的时间较长,花后群体干物质积累较多,各器官干物质运转率和对子粒贡献率较高。Richards模型解析表明,宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式下密度为86 625、101 055株/hm^2时达最大灌浆速率的时间较早,起始势和最大灌浆速率较高,子粒灌浆活跃期和灌浆速率最大时的生长量均偏低,植株空秆率较低,分别比对照显著增产5.61%、12.29%。密度为101 055株/hm^2时穗长、穗粗、行粒数、百粒重、穗粒重均比对照偏低,较高的有效收获穗数足以弥补劣势,使子粒获得高产。

By conventional row spacing planting patterns as control, field experiments involved wide-narrow row spacing, and interlaced planting between rows under four plant densities, and using the Denghai618 cuhivar conducted. The effects of wide-narrow row interlaced thick-planting pattern on photosynthetic characteristic and yield in summer maize were studied. The results showed that the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in- creased while the net photosynthetic rate decreased gradually with plant densities increasing. Under plant densities 86 625 and 101 055 plants/ha, compared with the control, in the late stage the time of high net photosynthetic rate lasted longer for the leaf senescence delaying, dry matter after flowering accumulated more, the rate of transfer and contribution to grain for dry matter of each organ was higher. In the meantime, the characters of grain-filling simulated by Riehards model cleared that the maximum grain-filling rate reached earlier, the starting potential was higher, but the active grain-filling period and the growth mass achieving the maximal grain-filling rate were lower under plant densities 86 625 and 101 055 plants/ha in the new planting pattern. Moreover, empty plant stalk rate was low- er, and the grain yield was increased by 5.61% and 12.29% respectively. Furthermore, ear length, ear diameter, row grains, hundred-grain weight and grain weight per ear were lower than the control, but higher effective harvest panicles made up its disadvantages enough, conduciving to high yield of grain.