不同耕作方式对春玉米土壤水分、温度及产量的影响

Effects of Different Culture Methods on Soil water,Temperature and Yield of Spring Maize

研究覆膜与露地、垄作与平作及膜下与膜侧播种对黑龙港区域春玉米产量形成过程的调节效应。结果表明,覆膜、垄作和膜下播种均显著提高耕层土壤温度,玉米吐丝前增温效果更明显;覆膜对耕层土壤含水量的调控效应达显著水平,吐丝前后分别提高11.08%和10.38%;覆膜能显著提高春玉米苗期、吐丝期和成熟期叶面积指数和干物质积累量,垄作和膜下播种仅显著提高了苗期叶面积指数和干物质积累量;覆膜、垄作和膜侧播种显著提高春玉米产量,增产幅度分别为10.3%~21.7%、8.5%~12.3%和2.8%~6.6%,增产的原因主要是穗粒数的显著增加。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of film muching, ridge culture（RC） and fiat culture （FC）, sowing under film（SUF） and film skirting sowing（FSS） on spring maize yield formation in Heilonggang basin. The results showed that, film muching, RC and SUF treatments significantly increased soil temperature pre- and post-silking, and the increased range of pre-silking were higher than that of post-silking. But there were only film muching had significant effects on pre- and post-silking soil water contents, and the ranges were 11.08% and 10.38%. Spring maize leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were rised by the effects of film muching at seeding stage, silking stage and maturity stage. However, RC and SUF treatment only played significant roles on LAI and DM at seeding stage. Through film muching, RC and FSS treatments, spring maize yield were increased significantly by 10.3%-21.7%, 8.5%-12.3% and 2.8%-6.6%, of which the main cause was increased grain number per ear.