唐代螺钿铜镜的样式和工艺新探

A Study of the Style and Technique of Bronze Mirrors Inlaid with Mother-of-Pearl Mosaics of the Tang Dynasty

一直以来国内学术界普遍认为,唐代螺钿铜镜是一种漆工艺与贝壳镶嵌相结合的特种工艺镜。本文通过对国内外传世和出土的唐代螺钿铜镜的综合考察,以及对早期西亚美索不达米亚和我国商周时期两种不同风格的螺钿工艺的比较研究,论述了唐代螺钿铜镜大致可分为虫胶树脂地镜背和漆地镜背两种样式,前者更接近于早期美索不达米亚螺钿工艺,应该是萨珊波斯文化影响下的产物。我国国内出土的螺钿铜镜,绝大多数应属于虫胶树脂地螺钿铜镜。螺钿铜镜皆为漆器是我们认识上的一个误区。

According to previous Chinese scholarship, lacquer technique was the reason that mother-of-pearl mosaics could be inlaid on bronze mirrors, by which Luodian mirrors could be accomplished during the Tang Dynasty. This article carries out comprehensive studies of Luodian mirrors, both in China and abroad, as well as comparisons with Luodian technique of Mesopotamia and related discoveries dating to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China. The author argues that two technological traditions can be observed in Luodian mirrors of the Tang Dynasty： one utilizes shellac and resin to attach mother-of-pearl mosaics, while the other features lacquer for the same purpose. The first tradition is similar with the Luodian technique in early Mesopotamia, which should be of the Sassanian influence. The majority of Luodian mirrors unearthed in China are of the shellac-and-resin tradition indeed, rather than the lacquer technique.