从“不通”看钱钟书的“诗性”观

On Ch'ien Chung-Shu's Concept of “Poetic Function” from “Ungrammaticality”

"不通"是钱钟书提出的一种广泛存在的诗学现象,也是一条必然的诗学规律,在中国古典诗歌中存在着大量"不通"的诗句。造成"不通"的原因有很多,钱钟书给出了倒装、省略、"画不就"、比喻、通感五种。西方形式论代表人物雅各布森提出的"诗性"概念,在某种程度上和"不通"有暗合之处。在诗歌这个封闭的体系中,诗的功能占据主导地位,符号指向自身,诗歌与现实环境脱节,因此诗歌的"不通"是合理合法的现象。通过对等原则的投射,"不通"实现了具体层面上的操作。重新挖掘钱钟书的"不通"理念,对于剔除元语言功能以及指称功能的纠缠,对于当下诗歌阐释模式的纠正都具有重要意义。

＂Ungrammaticality＂, put forward by Ch＇ien Chung-Shu, is a widely existed phenomenon as well as an inexorable law of literature, which can be seen from a large number of classical Chinese poems. There are vari- ous contributing factors to the existence of ＂ungrammaticality＂ which Ch＇ien roughly categorized into five kinds, namely anastrophe, ellipsis, painting without line（ idea）, metaphor and synaesthesia. Roman Jakobson, the lead- ing exponent of western formalism, formulated the concept of ＂poetic function＂ which bears some similarity to ＂un- grammaticality＂. In the closed system of poetry, the function of poetry takes the dominating position, and poems become separated from reality, which reasonably explains the existence of ＂ungrammaticality＂. By projecting the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination, ＂ungrammaticality＂ can be applied to use at a concrete level. Understanding ＂Ungrammaticality＂ can help us to acquire a sound grasp of metalingual function and referring function and is of profound significance to the poetry interpretation modes.