黄河上中游区径流量格局长期变化过程

Temporal Changes in Runoff in the Upper and Middle Reaches of Yellow River

河川径流不仅是水资源重要的构成部分,也是自然界中水分循环的重要环节,径流量的变化直接影响区域特别是干旱区水资源的开发利用。基于黄河中游上中下三个站点(河口镇站、吴堡站以及三门峡站)1919—2013年月径流量资料,采用Spearman相关法、有序聚类法等方法分析黄河不同区间年、月径流量演变规律,揭示年径流量突变前后径流量年内集中度和不均匀性差异。结果表明:黄河上游和中游径流量因人类活动作用具有明显趋势性减小,而因气候作用表现出显著的阶段性。在径流量突变年份后,黄河上游径流量上游集中度降低,不均匀度减小,径流量年内分配趋于均匀,但黄河中游地区径流量年季不均匀性反而增大。

Runoff is the important water resource and element of hydrologic cycle.The change of runoff directly affects the exploitation and utilization of water resources.Based on the data of monthly runoff from1919 to 2013 of the three sites（Heleouzhen station,Wubu station and Sanmenxia station）in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,we used modern statistical analysis methods such as Spearman correlation,MannKendall rank test,sequential clustering method,to reveal the change of concentration and inhomogeneity about runoff.The results showed that the runoff of upstream and middle reaches of the Yellow River has reduced because of human activity.Meanwhile the climate impact on the runoff showed the significant stage.After runoff mutation,the concentration and inhomogeneity of runoff in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have reduced,and distribution of runoff tends to be more uniform,but inhomogeneity of runoff in the middle reaches of the Yellow River increases instead.