基于GIS的省级耕地质量综合评价及时空演变分析——以贵州省为例

Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis on Spatiotemporal Variation of Cultivated Land on Provincial Scale Based on GIS——A Case Study in Guizhou Province

耕地质量直接关系国家粮食安全、社会经济及生态环境的可持续发展,对保证国家粮食安全、维系资源与环境的可持续发展,强化耕地质量保护具有十分迫切的现实意义,耕地质量评价及时空演变分析历来对耕地保护就具有重要指导作用。基于贵州省1989—2010年全省县域尺度的耕地变化数据,应用GIS空间分析技术构建了耕地质量评价指标体系,通过耕地模糊优选模型与理想点法相结合的耕地质量组合评价模型、相对变化率等方法对全省耕地质量及时空演变予以探讨。结果表明:1989—2010年,贵州省耕地质量明显提升,耕地总面积增加了9 202.69km^2,其中优等地、中等地、低等地分别增加7 854.11,2 054.80,1 273.09km^2;耕地土层、坡面构型、水土流失、"四化同步"进程、土地开发、建设用地、耕地保护制度、退耕还林项目、社会舆论导向等自然、经济及社会因素构成全省耕地质量及时空演变的主要驱动因素。

Cultivated land quality is essential to national food safety,as well as the sustainable development of social economy and eco-environment.Thus,strengthening cultivated land protection plays a significant role in reality.Typically,the protection is conducted by two techniques,as cultivated land evaluation and spacetime evolution analysis.An empirical research had been done on the change of cultivated land in Guizhou Province from 1989 to 2010 through the application of GIS spatial analysis technology which involved in the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality,the combination of cultivated land optimization model and ideal point method,relative change rate was used to explore the quality and spatiotemporal evolution of cultivated land.The results showed that during that period,the quality of cultivated land in Guizhou was improved obviously and the area of which increase to 9 202.69km^2 including the first-class cultivated Land 7854.11km^2,the second-class cultivated Land 2 054.80km^2 and the third-class cultivated land 1 273.09km^2.Moreover,it was pointed out that farmland soil,slope configuration,water loss and soil erosion,‘Four Modernization’process,land exploitation,construction,cultivated land protection,returning farmland to forest project,public opinion and natural,economic and social factors were the main elements to drive the change on cultivated land quality and spatiotemporal form.