基于SWAT模型的阿克苏河流域径流模拟

Runoff Simulation in Aksu River Basin Based on SWAT Model

阿克苏河流域地处中国西北干旱区域,受高寒气候影响,其冰川和积雪融化补给对流域径流量变化、区域水资源合理优化及生态环境的保护影响重大。结合阿克苏河流域融雪径流的产流、汇流的独特之处,应用SWAT分布式水文模型对其月均径流进行了模拟研究。收集阿克苏河流域7个气象站点1980—2013年的逐日观测数据和阿拉尔水文站2000—2013年月均实测径流数据,基于DEM数据、土地利用数据、土壤数据,建立适合阿克苏河流域的融雪径流模型并进行月均径流的模拟。结果表明:SWAT模型在阿克苏河流域具有良好的适用性,校准期和验证期相对误差RE均在8%以内,决定性系数R2和Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数NS均高于0.82,达到了模型的评价标准,为高海拔干旱区建立分布式水文模型提供了参考。

The Aksu River Basin is located in the arid northwest China,which has a large area of glacier and snow.In the situation of water scarcity,the runoff change has a great influence on reasonable optimization of water resources and the protection of ecological environment.In order to study the characteristics of snowmelt runoff in Aksu River Basin,SWAT,the distributed hydrological model,was used to simulate the monthly snowmelt runoff.The DEM data,landuse data,soil data were collected to build the geographic information database.The daily meteorological data from 7national meteorological stations in Aksu River Basin during the period from 1980 to 2013 and the observed monthly hydrological data of the Alaer hydrological station in the Aksu River Basin were used to simulate the monthly runoff.The results indicated that the SWAT model had a good applicability for Aksu River basin.The relative error（RE）of the model between the simulated results and the observed data was less than 8% both in calibration and validation.The coefficient of determination（R2）and the Nash-Sutcliffe（NS）were both larger than 0.82.The SWAT model meets the evaluation criteria and provides the reference for developing the distributed hydrological model in the arid region of high altitude.